Can an old bull learn new tricks? That's been the question of late for Merrill Lynch & Co., the New York-based brokerage and investment bank. As Wall Street transformations go, Merrill's has been dramatic. Once relegated to the old guard as online rivals and new trading technologies chipped away at its core brokerage business (and profits), the company has since weathered severe swoops in the markets, made sweeping job reductions, paid steep penalties for its role in the Enron mess and repositioned itself in higher-margin business lines. Where once the focus was on volume, the new strategy favors profit-led growth produced by stronger channels through which high-margin services are sold, including M&A advisory, leveraged finance and structured products. Its latest full-year results show how far Merrill has come. Although 2004 net revenues of $22 billion were 16.5% below what they were in 2000, net income reached a record $4.4 billion, 29% higher than what the company reported for 2000.
Merrill's new course under Chairman and CEO E. Stanley (Stan) O'Neal has ignited a new period of innovation in finance as well, leading to three winning entries in this year's Alexander Hamilton Awards–two gold prizes in corporate finance and cash management, and a silver in insurance. At the heart of each project is a willingness to question old ways in a tireless effort to find greater efficiencies at lower costs. "There has been a real drive to expand our understanding, starting at a fundamental level of everything we do," says Russell Stein, Merrill's treasurer since 2003. "By [that year], the company's cost cutting had been so successful that we were able to start really taking a hard look at the business, in areas of liquidity modeling, risk and capital allocation."
As is true with all best-practices treasuries, Merrill's treasury team is considered a key source of strategic planning within Merrill's wider finance operations. "Treasury is an important intellectual factory for ideas, which brings the thinking about the balance sheet and income statement together," says Jeffrey Edwards, senior vice president and CFO, who formerly ran Merrill's investment banking division for the Americas. Edwards is leading an effort to improve return on equity (ROE) across the company, and as he puts it, "treasury is the engine at the heart of that." The new role includes a more traditional assignment for treasury on the "equity" side of the formula, with input on share buyback, dividend and preferred stock programs, as well as an analytical contribution on the "return" side, offering up ideas about asset growth, revenue profiles and acquisitions strategy.
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PUSHING THEM OUT THE DOOR
Stein and the treasury department he oversees thrive on playing the central protagonist in many important strategic financial initiatives at Merrill. At the same time, the 37-year-old treasurer sees the importance of getting treasury teams out the door to mix it up with colleagues in other departments and other geographic regions. "The most important thing you can have is great people who think about their jobs holistically. That means embedding [themselves] in the business aspects of the company," says Stein.
It wasn't always that way, and much has changed in the two years that Stein has been treasurer–although the people have largely stayed the same, despite some changes in roles. Perhaps the biggest changes stem from the fact that Stein, like CFO Jeff Edwards, came from the investment banking division, where, as Stein puts it, the orientation is "only outward looking," with a particular focus on clients and relationships. Merrill's treasury before Stein, on the other hand, was largely inward looking and many of the staff's most creative ideas weren't making their way out into the broader finance organization. "Treasury at the time had wonderful, creative people, but the organization wasn't fully using their capabilities when it came to working with the rest of finance or with the rest of the firm," recalls Stein. "I found myself very often in a position of helping them work with colleagues. It didn't take long for that relationship to transform. Now, treasury is much more outward looking. It's a real team orientation." That can be especially important in a large global treasury department with employees scattered among three U.S. cities and 10 others outside the U.S., including Dublin, Sao Paulo, London and Tokyo. While many treasury employees are hired overseas to be close to the company's operations there, they all report to Stein's New York-based department.
The more proactive approach to problem solving runs through all three of Merrill's winning AHA entries. In the category of corporate finance, Merrill took a gold for establishing a new analytic framework for assessing risk for its bank's commercial paper backstop credit business. Although the project was done in cooperation with other departments, Stein says that the recognition that a totally new approach was needed came from his staff. "We fundamentally needed a way to analyze liquidity in a more sophisticated fashion. We knew empirically that the behavior was substantially different from our [earlier] model. It was driven by our reexploring our [processes] and intellectual curiosity."
Merrill's silver-winning program in the insurance category, the Credit Related Employee, Director and Officer Protection (CREDO), sprang from a dialogue between treasury and colleagues in trading and investment banking. The cross-departmental working group discovered that the way to reduce annual D&O insurance renewal risk was simply by locking in cost-effective, multiyear indemnification protection–something that was not possible through conventional insurance markets. Again, it required Merrill executives and particularly those in treasury to think beyond the confines of their department's experience. The result of unlocking creativity has been the creation of a best-practice treasury searching out the next challenge rather than shrinking from it.
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