Core U.S. Inflation Picks up, Dampening Odds of Outsize Fed Cut
In August, the core CPI increased 2.1% on a three-month annualized basis, picking up from 1.6% in July.
Underlying U.S. inflation unexpectedly picked up in August on higher prices for housing and travel, undercutting the chances of an outsized Federal Reserve interest rate cut next week.
The so-called core consumer price index (CPI)—which excludes food and energy costs—increased 0.3 percent from July to August, the most in four months, and 3.2 percent from a year ago, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) figures showed Wednesday. The three-month annualized rate advanced to 2.1 percent, picking up from 1.6 percent in July, according to Bloomberg calculations.
Economists see the core gauge as a better indicator of underlying inflation than the overall CPI. In August, that measure climbed 0.2 percent from the prior month and 2.5 percent from a year ago, marking the fifth straight month the annual measure has eased.
The BLS said shelter was “the main factor” in the overall advance.
While Wednesday’s reading won’t deter the Fed from cutting interest rates next week, it does reduce the chances of an outsized reduction. Even so, policymakers have made it clear that they’re highly focused on softness in the labor market, which is more likely to drive policy discussions and decisions in the months ahead. They’ll also have more data to consider leading up to their November and December meetings.
Traders trimmed the probability that the Fed will cut rates by a half point next week to near zero. Treasury yields rose, the S&P 500 opened lower, and the dollar pared its losses on the day.
Though the figures are reported on a one decimal point basis by the BLS, Fed officials and economists often look further out for a better sense of the inflation trajectory. On a two-decimal basis, core CPI rose 0.28 percent from July.
| Metric | Actual | Estimate |
|---|---|---|
| CPI (month-over-month) | +0.2% | +0.2% |
| Core CPI (month-over-month) | +0.3% | +0.2% |
| CPI (year-over-year) | +2.5% | +2.5% |
| Core CPI (year-over-year) | +3.2% | +3.2% |
In addition to shelter, the advance was boosted by airfares, apparel, and daycare and preschool. Car insurance costs continued to rise, as did hotel stays.
Shelter prices, the largest category within services, climbed 0.5 percent, the most since the start of the year. That marked the second month of acceleration and defied widespread expectations for a downshift. Owners’ equivalent rent—a subset of shelter and the biggest individual component of the CPI—rose at a similar pace.
Excluding housing and energy, service prices advanced 0.3 percent, the most since April, according to Bloomberg calculations. While central bankers have stressed the importance of looking at such a metric when assessing the nation’s inflation trajectory, they compute it based on a separate index.
That measure—known as the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index—doesn’t put as much weight on shelter as the CPI does. That’s partly why it’s trending closer to the Fed’s 2 percent target.
The PCE measure, which will be released later this month, draws from the CPI as well as certain categories within the producer price index (PPI). The PPI report, due Thursday, is projected to show a tame pace of wholesale inflation.
A sustained decline in the price of goods over most of the past year has largely been providing relief to consumers. So-called core goods prices, which exclude food and energy commodities, fell 0.2 percent. The metric has now declined in 14 of the last 15 months.
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What Bloomberg Economists Say…
“The continued price declines in core goods categories, even as freight costs have risen, suggest firms are having difficulty passing higher input prices on to consumers. That portends further margin compression down the line, with the possibility that firms resort to layoffs to cut costs.”
— Anna Wong & Stuart Paul
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Central bankers are increasingly paying attention to the labor side of their dual mandate amid emerging cracks in the jobs market. Hiring over the past three months is at the lowest since mid-2020, while job openings declined and layoffs rose in July. Anecdotally, employers have also indicated they’re becoming more selective in hiring, with some cutting hours and leaving vacancies unfilled.
Fed officials also pay close attention to wage growth, as it can help inform expectations for consumer spending—the main engine of the economy. A separate report Wednesday that combines the inflation figures with recent wage data showed that real earnings grew 1.3 percent from a year ago, the most in over a year.
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